How to Stay Safe and Healthy at High Altitude in Arequipa

As a licensed real estate broker specializing in Arequipa, I've had the privilege of guiding countless foreign investors and expats through the exciting, yet sometimes complex, process of settling into our magnificent "White City." While the allure of Arequipa's colonial charm, vibrant culture, and stunning natural beauty is undeniable, its elevation – approximately 2,335 meters (7,661 feet) above sea level – presents a unique health consideration that demands careful attention. Understanding and respecting high altitude is not just a travel tip; it's a critical component of your due diligence for a successful and healthy life here.

This guide provides practical, experience-driven advice, informed by both local wisdom and medical understanding, to help you acclimatize safely and effectively. My aim is to ensure your transition to Arequipa is as smooth and comfortable as possible, allowing you to fully enjoy your new home.

Understanding Altitude Sickness (Soroche)

Altitude sickness, universally known in the Andes as soroche, is a physiological response to the reduced atmospheric pressure and lower oxygen levels found at higher elevations. While Arequipa's altitude is considered moderate compared to cities like Cusco (3,400m / 11,155 ft) or La Paz (3,600m / 11,811 ft), it is still significant enough to affect individuals, especially those arriving directly from sea level. It's crucial for new arrivals to recognize the symptoms early to prevent more serious complications.

Common Symptoms of Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS):

• Headache: Often the most common and first symptom, ranging from mild to severe.
• Nausea and/or Vomiting: Feeling unwell, stomach discomfort.
• Fatigue and Weakness: Unusual tiredness, a pronounced lack of energy that goes beyond travel fatigue.
• Dizziness or Lightheadedness: Feeling unsteady, a sense of vertigo.
• Difficulty Sleeping: Restless nights, frequent waking, or unusual sleep patterns.
• Loss of Appetite: Reduced desire to eat, often accompanied by the nausea.

In very rare and severe instances, altitude sickness can progress to High Altitude Cerebral Edema (HACE) or High Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE), which are life-threatening conditions. However, at Arequipa's elevation, these severe forms are extremely uncommon. The key for most individuals in Arequipa is prevention and early intervention for AMS.

Step-by-Step Acclimatization Strategy for Arequipa

Your health and well-being are paramount to a successful relocation. Approach your arrival in Arequipa with a structured plan to allow your body to adjust gradually and safely.

1. Gradual Ascent and Initial Rest

If you are traveling directly to Arequipa from sea level, your body will need time to adjust to the change. While an intermediate stop at a slightly lower altitude isn't always practical when flying directly to Arequipa's Rodríguez Ballón International Airport (which is at a similar elevation to the city), prioritizing rest upon arrival is non-negotiable.

• Upon Arrival: The most critical advice is to take it exceedingly easy. Avoid any strenuous physical activity for at least the first 24-48 hours. This includes unpacking heavy boxes, brisk walking, intense sightseeing of the Historic Center, or any form of exercise.
• Prioritize Rest: Schedule a full day, or even two, of light activity and ample rest upon arrival. Allow your body to simply exist at the new altitude without added stress. Resist the urge to immediately explore every corner of the city.

2. Hydration is Your Best Friend

At high altitude, the air is typically drier, and increased respiration can lead to greater fluid loss. Dehydration can significantly exacerbate altitude sickness symptoms, making proper hydration essential.

• Drink Plenty of Water: Aim for significantly more water than you typically consume at sea level. Carry a reusable water bottle with you at all times and sip frequently throughout the day.
• Avoid Diuretics: Coffee, strong teas (other than mate de coca, discussed below), and especially alcohol are diuretics and should be minimized or avoided entirely during your first few days. Alcohol, in particular, can mask symptoms of altitude sickness and further dehydrate you.
• Electrolytes: Consider electrolyte-rich drinks or rehydration salts, readily available in local farmacias (pharmacies), if you find yourself sweating more than usual or experiencing fatigue.

3. Mind Your Diet

What you eat can impact your body's ability to acclimatize efficiently.

• Light, Carbohydrate-Rich Meals: Opt for easily digestible foods that provide energy without taxing your system. Focus on complex carbohydrates like rice, pasta, potatoes (a staple in Peruvian cuisine), and fruits. These are easier for your body to process at altitude, requiring less oxygen for metabolism.
• Avoid Heavy, Fatty Foods: Rich, greasy, or heavy meals require more energy to digest, which can divert vital resources from your body's acclimatization process.
• Small, Frequent Meals: Instead of three large meals, consider several smaller, lighter meals throughout the day. This helps maintain steady energy levels without overloading your digestive system.

4. Pace Yourself and Listen to Your Body

This is perhaps the most challenging step for eager expats ready to dive into their new life in Arequipa.

• Slow Down: Your normal pace for walking or everyday tasks will feel more strenuous due to the thinner air. Reduce your speed and exertion significantly. Even a leisurely stroll through the Plaza de Armas can feel like a workout initially.
• No Strenuous Activity: Postpone any plans for hiking the nearby mountains, jogging, or intense exercise until you feel fully acclimatized, typically after 3-5 days of comfortable living at elevation.
• Take Breaks: When exploring Arequipa's beautiful historic center, visiting properties with your broker, or running errands, take frequent breaks. Sit down at a café, sip water, and allow your body to catch up.
• Monitor Symptoms: Pay close attention to how you feel. A mild, transient headache might be normal, but if it worsens, persists, or if you develop nausea, extreme fatigue, or dizziness, it's a clear sign to rest further and potentially seek medical advice. Do not ignore symptoms.

5. Consider Acclimatization Aids (with Caution)

While not a substitute for proper acclimatization, certain aids can be helpful for managing mild symptoms.

• Mate de Coca: The traditional remedy in the Andes. Chewing coca leaves (chacchar coca) or drinking mate de coca (coca leaf tea) is widely believed to help alleviate mild altitude sickness symptoms. It's culturally ingrained, legal, and readily available in Peru. Many hotels and restaurants offer it.
• Over-the-Counter Pain Relievers: For mild headaches, common over-the-counter pain relievers such as ibuprofen or paracetamol (acetaminophen) can provide relief. Always follow dosage instructions.
• Prescription Medication (Diamox/Acetazolamide): This medication can help accelerate acclimatization by aiding the kidneys in processing bicarbonate, which makes the blood more acidic and stimulates breathing. However, it requires a doctor's prescription and consultation, ideally before you travel. It has potential side effects and is not suitable for everyone (e.g., those with sulfa allergies). Consult with your physician if you are considering this option well in advance of your journey.

Local Context & Warnings for Arequipa Expats

Arequipa's Specific Altitude & Climate

While Arequipa's elevation is moderate compared to some other Andean cities, it is still high enough to warrant caution. Beyond the altitude, Arequipa boasts over 300 days of sunshine a year. The strong equatorial sun at this altitude, combined with the dry air, presents additional risks. Always wear high-SPF sunscreen (50+ is recommended), a wide-brimmed hat, and good quality sunglasses, even on cloudy days. UV radiation is significantly stronger here.

Mate de Coca: A Legal Nuance for International Travelers

While mate de coca is a culturally ingrained and perfectly legal remedy within Peru, it's essential for foreign investors and expats to be aware of international law regarding coca products. Coca leaves are the raw material for cocaine, and while processing into tea significantly alters its properties, consumption can, in some cases, lead to positive drug tests for cocaine metabolites. If you anticipate any drug testing requirements for work, insurance, or travel to countries with strict drug laws, exercise extreme caution or avoid mate de coca entirely. This is generally not a concern within Peru, but a potential issue when leaving Peru and entering other countries.

Accessing Medical Care in Arequipa

Arequipa has a robust healthcare infrastructure, particularly in the private sector, which is highly recommended for expats.

• Pharmacies (Farmacias): Chains like Inkafarma, Boticas y Salud, and MiFarma are abundant throughout the city. Pharmacists (químicos farmacéuticos) are knowledgeable and can offer basic advice for mild symptoms and recommend appropriate over-the-counter remedies.
• Clinics and Hospitals: For more significant concerns or if symptoms persist, Arequipa boasts excellent private clinics suchs as Clínica Arequipa, Clínica San Pablo, and Clínica Oncoserv. These facilities generally have modern equipment and some English-speaking staff, offering a higher standard of care often preferred by expats.
• Emergency Services: Dial 105 for police emergencies and 116 for the fire department (Bomberos), which often responds to medical emergencies. However, for rapid medical assistance, especially for high-altitude related issues, it's often more efficient for expats to call a private clinic directly or use a taxi to get to the nearest private clinic if possible. For any serious or worsening high-altitude related issues, seek professional medical attention without delay.

Health Insurance Considerations

When planning your move, ensure your international health insurance policy provides adequate coverage for medical emergencies in Peru, including potential high-altitude related issues. If you plan to travel to even higher elevations within Peru (e.g., to the Colca Canyon, Cusco, or the mountains surrounding Arequipa), verify that your policy covers altitude sickness treatment and potential medical evacuation. This is a vital piece of your pre-relocation due diligence, protecting both your health and your financial stability.

Due Diligence for Your Well-being: A Real Estate Broker's Perspective

As your dedicated real estate broker, I understand the eagerness to find your ideal property in Arequipa. However, remember to integrate your health considerations into your property search. Don't push yourself to view too many properties in one day, especially during your initial acclimatization period. A reputable broker will schedule viewings respectfully, allowing for breaks between visits, ensuring you stay hydrated, and accommodating your need to adjust to the altitude. Your safety and health are just as important as the legal and financial aspects of your investment.

By respecting Arequipa's altitude and diligently following these practical steps, you'll be well on your way to enjoying the rich, fulfilling lifestyle our beautiful "White City" offers, with peace of mind and robust health.

Legal Notice: Consult a Local Lawyer. The information provided in this article is for general guidance only and does not constitute medical or legal advice. Altitude sickness can be serious. Always consult with a qualified medical professional regarding your specific health concerns and before taking any medication. For all real estate and legal matters in Peru, it is imperative to seek advice from a licensed Peruvian attorney and a reputable real estate broker.

Ready to explore Arequipa's real estate opportunities with the guidance of experienced professionals? Visit ArequipaRealEstate.com today to begin your journey.